2e:I[266246,["/_next/static/chunks/2v4qmh-q__8na.js","/_next/static/chunks/07_8vgcbbwl_c.js","/_next/static/chunks/0x7sg2gw4ibqu.js","/_next/static/chunks/161oadz_zqeln.js","/_next/static/chunks/3xmd57phr1erz.js","/_next/static/chunks/252p4_64x3va0.js","/_next/static/chunks/100nvw0s27m0c.js","/_next/static/chunks/41txw4nuhujvk.js","/_next/static/chunks/0lrdrazvavur4.js","/_next/static/chunks/01j4-vsb10dno.js","/_next/static/chunks/2nynz-uf3ypor.js","/_next/static/chunks/1x_e80wh-wm4n.js","/_next/static/chunks/0fbjeystynfcs.js","/_next/static/chunks/1-nubng50nlzk.js","/_next/static/chunks/0_wv4vvnpjc-s.js","/_next/static/chunks/3mvxfcdpm67xs.js","/_next/static/chunks/1_yolry0hmh4x.js","/_next/static/chunks/3qgl_6dif3kze.js","/_next/static/chunks/0mub74c-xy74n.js","/_next/static/chunks/1ao5bmhej65_5.js","/_next/static/chunks/3yyv_fl8kmyoj.js","/_next/static/chunks/1yq2z2i9458mc.js","/_next/static/chunks/0cmyr-x-5yo01.js","/_next/static/chunks/15f75l-xujw8w.js","/_next/static/chunks/3usnt_rs76ebz.js","/_next/static/chunks/2l9ts1g23q_ye.js","/_next/static/chunks/39x725aoopmaa.js","/_next/static/chunks/16zjq26foe97d.js","/_next/static/chunks/1g_y9z-utvmnx.js"],"ChapterSectionClient"] 2f:T8c1,

問題	走向	回原章
有 peptidoglycan、可 Gram stain	細菌	Ch01
真核、有 ergosterol/chitin	黴菌	Ch08
需宿主細胞複製、有 envelope/naked 差異	病毒	Ch06
生活史複雜、常看感染途徑與 eosinophilia	寄生蟲	Ch09
錯摺蛋白、無核酸	Prion	Ch07

30:T716,

病原	臨床
Strep pneumoniae	Pneumonia、meningitis、otitis
H. influenzae type b	Meningitis、epiglottitis
Neisseria meningitidis	Meningitis、meningococcemia
Klebsiella pneumoniae	Pneumonia、liver abscess
Salmonella typhi	Typhoid fever
Cryptococcus neoformans	AIDS meningitis

回原章：Ch01、Ch04、Ch08

31:T4f3,

路徑	抗原來源	裝載	T cell
MHC I	細胞質內蛋白	Proteasome → TAP → ER	CD8
MHC II	吞入囊泡的胞外蛋白	Invariant chain／CLIP → HLA-DM 換胜肽	CD4

Cross-presentation 是 dendritic cell 將胞外抗原送上 MHC I，啟動 naive CD8 T cell。

32:T731,

主題	核心
V(D)J recombination	RAG1/2；TdT 增加 junctional diversity
Class switching／somatic hypermutation	AID；需 CD40-CD40L 與 Tfh help
Positive selection	Thymic cortex；保留可認自身 MHC 者
Negative selection	Thymic medulla；AIRE 呈現周邊抗原
Th1	IL-12、IFN-gamma、macrophage、胞內菌
Th2	IL-4/5/13、IgE、eosinophil、helminth
Th17	IL-17/22、neutrophil、黏膜 Candida／胞外菌
Treg	FOXP3、IL-10/TGF-beta、周邊耐受

33:T5ad,

型別	機轉	代表
I	IgE、mast cell、immediate	Anaphylaxis、allergy、asthma
II	IgG/IgM 對 cell／receptor	Hemolytic anemia、Goodpasture、Graves、MG
III	Immune complex、complement	SLE、serum sickness、PSGN
IV	T cell、delayed	Contact dermatitis、TST、type 1 DM

34:T509,

缺陷	病原線索
B cell／抗體	Encapsulated bacteria、Giardia、sinopulmonary infection
T cell／combined	Virus、fungus、Pneumocystis、mycobacteria
Phagocyte	Abscess、catalase-positive bacteria、Aspergillus
C3	Recurrent pyogenic infection
C5–C9	Recurrent Neisseria

35:T962,

Catalase	Coagulase/其他	菌
+	Coagulase+	S. aureus
+	CoNS、novobiocin sensitive	S. epidermidis
+	CoNS、novobiocin resistant	S. saprophyticus
-	Alpha、optochin sensitive	S. pneumoniae
-	Alpha、optochin resistant	Viridans strep
-	Beta、bacitracin sensitive	GAS
-	Beta、bacitracin resistant	GBS
-	Gamma、bile esculin+	Enterococcus / S. gallolyticus

回原章：Ch03

36:T77a,

類型	代表	題眼
Lactose fermenter	E. coli、Klebsiella、Enterobacter	UTI、pneumonia、院內
Non-lactose fermenter	Salmonella、Shigella、Proteus、Yersinia	腸胃炎、H2S、urease
Non-fermenter	Pseudomonas、Acinetobacter	院內、水、燒傷、CF
Curved/comma	Campylobacter、Helicobacter、Vibrio	腸胃道、胃、海鮮
Anaerobic	Bacteroides、Fusobacterium	膿瘍、口腔/腹腔、Lemierre

回原章：Ch04

37:T711,

靶點	藥物
Cell wall PBPs	Beta-lactams
D-Ala-D-Ala	Vancomycin
30S	Aminoglycosides、tetracyclines
50S	Macrolides、clindamycin、linezolid、chloramphenicol
DNA gyrase/topo IV	Fluoroquinolones
RNA polymerase	Rifampin
Folate pathway	TMP-SMX
Cell membrane	Daptomycin、polymyxin

回原章：Ch02

38:T69d,

抗藥	機轉
MRSA	mecA → PBP2a
VRE	D-Ala-D-Lac
ESBL	Hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins
Carbapenemase	KPC、NDM 等
Macrolide resistance	Methylated ribosomal target、efflux
Tetracycline resistance	Efflux、ribosomal protection
Aminoglycoside resistance	Drug-modifying enzymes

回原章：Ch02

39:T6e3,

病原	線索
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Acid-fast、Th1 granuloma
Chlamydia	Obligate intracellular、NAAT、STI
Rickettsia/Orientia	Tick/chigger、rash/eschar、doxycycline
Coxiella	Q fever、culture-negative endocarditis
Mycoplasma	No cell wall、walking pneumonia、cold agglutinin
Legionella	Water aerosol、hyponatremia、diarrhea

回原章：Ch05、Ch04

3a:T791,

家族	Envelope	重點
Herpes	Yes	Latency；HSV/VZV/CMV/EBV
Adeno	No	Pharyngoconjunctival、pneumonia、diarrhea
Papilloma	No	HPV E6/E7，癌症
Polyoma	No	JC PML、BK nephropathy
Parvo	No	B19 aplastic crisis、hydrops
Pox	Yes	DNA virus cytoplasm replication

回原章：Ch06

3b:T746,

類別	家族	代表
+RNA naked	Picorna、Calici	HAV、polio、rhino、noro
+RNA enveloped	Flavi、Toga、Matona、Corona、Retro	HCV、dengue、chikungunya、rubella、SARS-CoV-2、HIV
-RNA segmented	Orthomyxo、Bunya、Arena	Influenza、hanta、Lassa
-RNA nonsegmented	Paramyxo、Pneumo、Rhabdo、Filo	Measles、mumps、RSV、rabies、Ebola
dsRNA	Reo	Rotavirus

回原章：Ch06

3c:T684,

問題	高分答案
病毒分類	SARS-CoV-2 是 Coronaviridae、enveloped +ssRNA
入侵	Spike protein 結合 ACE2
疫苗免疫	主要誘發抗 spike neutralizing antibody；平台可為 mRNA 或 protein subunit
早期抗病毒	Nirmatrelvir 抑制 main protease；remdesivir 抑制 RdRp
變異株	不背永久流行株；看 spike 變異、WHO/疾管署監測與當季疫苗株

回原章：Ch06、Ch10

3d:T5d3,

項目	Antigen shift	Antigen drift
機轉	分節 genome reassortment（重配）	點突變（少數胺基酸）
規模	全球大流行	季節小流行
哪型	僅 A	A、B 皆有

HA 幫病毒「進」細胞（中和抗體標的）；NA 幫病毒「出」細胞（oseltamivir 靶點）。NA 抑制劑對 A/B 皆效；amantadine 僅 A 且抗藥高。

回原章：Ch06

3e:T857,

病毒	慢性	疫苗	特色
HAV	No	Yes	Fecal-oral
HBV	Yes	Yes	DNA + RT；anti-HBc 代表自然感染
HCV	Yes	No	DAA；慢性化高
HDV	Yes	HBV vaccine 間接	需 HBsAg
HEV	通常不慢性；免疫抑制者可能慢性化	部分地區	Hepeviridae；孕期重症風險較高

回原章：Ch07

3f:T4a4,

CD4	感染
< 200	PCP
< 100	Toxoplasma、Cryptococcus
< 50	CMV、MAC；MAC primary prophylaxis 另看是否立即有效 ART／viral suppression

CD4 是風險地圖；實際預防另看 Toxoplasma IgG、ART、viral suppression 與最新 OI guideline。

回原章：Ch07

40:T70c,

字尾/代表	類別	靶點
-vudine / -bine	NRTI	反轉錄（鏈終止）
-virine	NNRTI	反轉錄（allosteric）
-navir	PI	蛋白酶（成熟）
-gravir	INSTI	整合酶
maraviroc / enfuvirtide	Entry/Fusion	CCR5 / gp41

3TC/FTC/TDF/TAF 兼治 HBV。PEP：72 小時內、共 28 天。

回原章：Ch07

41:T5c2,

形態	病原
Pseudohyphae	Candida
Encapsulated yeast	Cryptococcus
Septate acute-angle hyphae	Aspergillus
Broad nonseptate right-angle hyphae	Mucorales
Spherules	Coccidioides
Cigar-shaped yeast	Sporothrix

回原章：Ch08

42:Tcbd,

藥	Aspergillus	Cryptococcus	Mucorales	死角/招牌
Amphotericin B	✔	✔	✔	最廣；腎毒、低鉀鎂
Fluconazole	✘	✔（過 BBB）	✘	三死角：Asper/Mucor/C. krusei
Voriconazole	✔✔（常用首選）	✔	✘	視覺症狀、肝毒、交互作用
Posaconazole/Isavuconazole	✔	✔	✔	Mucorales 的 alternative／step-down 選項
Echinocandin	輔助	✘	✘	多數成人 invasive Candida 初始選項；CSF/尿濃度低
Flucytosine	✘	✔（配 AmB）	✘	隱球菌腦膜炎；骨髓抑制

速記：invasive Aspergillus 常用 voriconazole；mucormycosis 以 liposomal amphotericin B＋清創為核心；cryptococcal meningitis induction 用 amphotericin B＋flucytosine；onychomycosis 常用 terbinafine。實際治療依菌種、部位與宿主調整。

回原章：Ch08

43:T70c,

線索	病原
Fatty foul diarrhea	Giardia
Bloody diarrhea + liver abscess	Entamoeba
Ring brain lesion in AIDS	Toxoplasma
RBC + fever cycle	Plasmodium
Maltese cross	Babesia
Steroid hyperinfection	Strongyloides
Bladder cancer	Schistosoma haematobium
Neurocysticercosis	Taenia solium egg

回原章：Ch09

44:T6b4,

類型	代表
Live attenuated	MMR、varicella、rotavirus、BCG
Inactivated	IPV、HAV、influenza 注射
Toxoid	Diphtheria、tetanus
Conjugate	Hib、PCV、MenACWY
Recombinant/subunit	HBV、HPV、recombinant zoster
mRNA / protein subunit	COVID-19 平台概念
Viral vector	Ebola、部分 COVID-19 平台

回原章：Ch10

45:T786,

症候群	第一批病原
Typical CAP	S. pneumoniae、H. influenzae
Atypical pneumonia	Mycoplasma、Chlamydia pneumoniae、Legionella
Neonatal meningitis	GBS、E. coli、Listeria
Subacute endocarditis after dental work	Viridans strep
Colon cancer + endocarditis	S. gallolyticus
Short-incubation vomiting	S. aureus、B. cereus
Cat bite cellulitis	Pasteurella
Hot tub folliculitis	Pseudomonas

回原章：Ch11

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考前最後一輪用這章。忘了原因再回原章；不要在這裡追求從零理解。若英文專有名詞卡住，先查中英專有名詞對照表。

","block_count":1,"word_count":53,"schema_version":1,"required_tier":"FREE","is_locked":false,"is_preview":false,"preview_block_count":null,"needs_manual_review":false,"question_count":0,"sample_questions":[],"access":{"mode":"PUBLIC","granted":true,"reason":"PUBLIC","viewer_tier":"FREE","owned":false,"purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null,"meter":null}},{"id":"5a761380-2673-4b6f-91e0-5fd4e68b6f60","section_key":"12.2","anchor":"12-2","display_order":1,"title":"T1. 病原分類入口","body_json":[{"type":"table","content":{"rows":[{"cells":[[{"text":"問題","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"走向","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"回原章","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"有 peptidoglycan、可 Gram stain","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"細菌","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/01-foundations-immunity","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch01","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"真核、有 ergosterol/chitin","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"黴菌","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/08-mycology","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch08","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"需宿主細胞複製、有 envelope/naked 差異","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"病毒","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/06-virology-core","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch06","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"生活史複雜、常看感染途徑與 eosinophilia","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"寄生蟲","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/09-parasitology","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch09","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"錯摺蛋白、無核酸","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Prion","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/07-hepatitis-hiv-antivirals-prion","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch07","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]]}],"type":"tableContent","columnWidths":[null,null,null]}}],"body_md_cache":"| 問題 | 走向 | 回原章 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 有 peptidoglycan、可 Gram stain | 細菌 | [Ch01](/learn/microbiology_immunology/01-foundations-immunity) |\n| 真核、有 ergosterol/chitin | 黴菌 | [Ch08](/learn/microbiology_immunology/08-mycology) |\n| 需宿主細胞複製、有 envelope/naked 差異 | 病毒 | [Ch06](/learn/microbiology_immunology/06-virology-core) |\n| 生活史複雜、常看感染途徑與 eosinophilia | 寄生蟲 | [Ch09](/learn/microbiology_immunology/09-parasitology) |\n| 錯摺蛋白、無核酸 | Prion | [Ch07](/learn/microbiology_immunology/07-hepatitis-hiv-antivirals-prion) |","body_html_cache":"$2f","block_count":1,"word_count":66,"schema_version":1,"required_tier":"FREE","is_locked":false,"is_preview":false,"preview_block_count":null,"needs_manual_review":false,"question_count":0,"sample_questions":[],"access":{"mode":"PUBLIC","granted":true,"reason":"PUBLIC","viewer_tier":"FREE","owned":false,"purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null,"meter":null}},{"id":"8a41b912-8011-4d7c-8e21-215392eb197f","section_key":"12.3","anchor":"12-3","display_order":2,"title":"T2. 被囊病原","body_json":[{"type":"table","content":{"rows":[{"cells":[[{"text":"病原","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"臨床","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Strep pneumoniae","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Pneumonia、meningitis、otitis","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"H. influenzae type b","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Meningitis、epiglottitis","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Neisseria meningitidis","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Meningitis、meningococcemia","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Pneumonia、liver abscess","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Salmonella typhi","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"Typhoid fever","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Cryptococcus neoformans","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"AIDS meningitis","type":"text","styles":{}}]]}],"type":"tableContent","columnWidths":[null,null]}},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"回原章：","type":"text","styles":{}},{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/01-foundations-immunity","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch01","type":"text","styles":{}}]},{"text":"、","type":"text","styles":{}},{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/04-gram-negative-bacteria","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch04","type":"text","styles":{}}]},{"text":"、","type":"text","styles":{}},{"href":"/learn/microbiology_immunology/08-mycology","type":"link","content":[{"text":"Ch08","type":"text","styles":{}}]}]}],"body_md_cache":"| 病原 | 臨床 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Strep pneumoniae | Pneumonia、meningitis、otitis |\n| H\\. influenzae type b | Meningitis、epiglottitis |\n| Neisseria meningitidis | Meningitis、meningococcemia |\n| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Pneumonia、liver abscess |\n| Salmonella typhi | Typhoid fever |\n| Cryptococcus neoformans | AIDS meningitis |\n\n回原章：[Ch01](/learn/microbiology_immunology/01-foundations-immunity)、[Ch04](/learn/microbiology_immunology/04-gram-negative-bacteria)、[Ch08](/learn/microbiology_immunology/08-mycology)","body_html_cache":"$30","block_count":2,"word_count":31,"schema_version":1,"required_tier":"FREE","is_locked":false,"is_preview":false,"preview_block_count":null,"needs_manual_review":false,"question_count":0,"sample_questions":[],"access":{"mode":"PUBLIC","granted":true,"reason":"PUBLIC","viewer_tier":"FREE","owned":false,"purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null,"meter":null}},{"id":"5f00e10d-4beb-468c-8a9e-90712dc02705","section_key":"12.4","anchor":"12-4","display_order":3,"title":"T2b. 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|\n\n回原章：[Ch09](/learn/microbiology_immunology/09-parasitology)","body_html_cache":"$43","block_count":2,"word_count":43,"schema_version":1,"required_tier":"FREE","is_locked":false,"is_preview":false,"preview_block_count":null,"needs_manual_review":false,"question_count":0,"sample_questions":[],"access":{"mode":"PUBLIC","granted":true,"reason":"PUBLIC","viewer_tier":"FREE","owned":false,"purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null,"meter":null}},{"id":"7cb72d4a-bda5-406f-9912-f660f3c42265","section_key":"12.23","anchor":"12-23","display_order":22,"title":"T14. 疫苗類型","body_json":[{"type":"table","content":{"rows":[{"cells":[[{"text":"類型","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"代表","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Live attenuated","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"MMR、varicella、rotavirus、BCG","type":"text","styles":{}}]]},{"cells":[[{"text":"Inactivated","type":"text","styles":{}}],[{"text":"IPV、HAV、influenza 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folliculitis | Pseudomonas |\n\n回原章：[Ch11](/learn/microbiology_immunology/11-clinical-infection-syndromes)","body_html_cache":"$45","block_count":2,"word_count":51,"schema_version":1,"required_tier":"FREE","is_locked":false,"is_preview":false,"preview_block_count":null,"needs_manual_review":false,"question_count":0,"sample_questions":[],"access":{"mode":"PUBLIC","granted":true,"reason":"PUBLIC","viewer_tier":"FREE","owned":false,"purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null,"meter":null}}],"is_published":true,"published_at":"2026-08-11T18:36:35.818Z","updated_at":"2026-09-05T15:24:18.063Z","is_locked":false,"access_policy":{"mode":"PUBLIC","purchase_enabled":false,"price_twd":null}},"initialSection":"$25:1:props:initialChapter:sections:19","initialManifest":{"subject":"microbiology_immunology","title":"微生物與免疫","description":"考古豹編著微免教材，針對國考題，依據原文書與最新文獻編寫的中文微免教材，包含近 10 年對應題庫，可以手動寫筆記，可與 AI 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filamentous。這套框架建立後，名字再長都不會亂。","question_count":36,"display_order":30,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"3.1","title":"本章讀法","anchor":"3-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"3.2","title":"G+ cocci：先用 catalase 分門，再看排列","anchor":"3-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"3.3","title":"Staphylococcus：膿、人工物與毒素","anchor":"3-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"3.4","title":"Streptococcus：Lancefield、溶血與莢膜三分法","anchor":"3-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"3.5","title":"Enterococcus：腸道菌也是抗藥性題","anchor":"3-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"3.6","title":"G+ rods：先看 spore 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rods","anchor":"4-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"4.8","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"4-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"4.9","title":"圖解","anchor":"4-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"4.10","title":"主要參考","anchor":"4-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"912ac397-d892-4717-baa2-c9ffa276c680","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"05-mycobacteria-atypical-spirochetes","chapter_number":"5","title":"分枝桿菌、螺旋菌、非典型與胞內菌","summary":"這章的共同特色是「不像一般細菌」。分枝桿菌有 mycolic acid（分枝菌酸），需要 acid-fast stain 與 Th1/macrophage 免疫；螺旋菌太細，常靠血清學、暴露史與分期判斷；Chlamydia、Rickettsia、Coxiella 多是細胞內病原；Mycoplasma 沒有 cell wall，所以 beta-lactam 無效。","question_count":59,"display_order":50,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"5.1","title":"本章讀法","anchor":"5-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"5.2","title":"Mycobacteria：acid-fast 與 Th1 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病毒","summary":"病毒題最怕用「名冊式背誦」。醫師國考真正想確認的是：你能不能用 genome（基因體）、envelope（外套膜）、複製位置與特殊酵素，快速推回傳播方式、致病機轉、檢驗與藥物靶點。這一章先建立病毒分類的決策樹，再把常考 DNA 與 RNA 病毒收進幾張表——但同時也把國考真正愛考的具體事實（serotype 對應的臨床、receptor 配對、oncoprotein 打哪個 tumor suppressor、抗病毒藥時窗、疫苗組成）全部補齊，讓這一章成為「決策樹 + 事...","question_count":79,"display_order":60,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"6.0","title":"前言","anchor":"6-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.1","title":"病毒分類的四個問題","anchor":"6-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.2","title":"DNA 病毒：多數雙股、核內複製，例外少而重要","anchor":"6-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.3","title":"RNA 病毒：先看正負股，再看分節","anchor":"6-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.4","title":"傳播與臨床線索：分類要回到病人身上","anchor":"6-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.5","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"6-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.6","title":"圖解","anchor":"6-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"6.7","title":"主要參考","anchor":"6-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"6c6f8a52-43c7-4d3e-878a-b27e16f07dc7","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"07-hepatitis-hiv-antivirals-prion","chapter_number":"7","title":"肝炎、HIV、抗病毒藥與 prion","summary":"肝炎與 HIV 常連到血清學判讀、慢性感染、致癌、藥物靶點及免疫缺陷後的伺機感染。先理解病毒生命週期與宿主免疫狀態，再對應檢驗與藥物靶點。粗體處是考古題直接考過的必背點。","question_count":50,"display_order":70,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"7.0","title":"前言","anchor":"7-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.1","title":"Hepatitis viruses：先分傳播與慢性化","anchor":"7-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.2","title":"HBV 血清學：表面、核心、e antigen 三組語言","anchor":"7-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.3","title":"HIV lifecycle：每一步都是藥物靶點","anchor":"7-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.4","title":"HIV 伺機感染：CD4 是風險地圖，不是絕對開關","anchor":"7-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.5","title":"抗 herpes、influenza 與肝炎藥物","anchor":"7-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.6","title":"Prion：沒有核酸的感染性蛋白","anchor":"7-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.7","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"7-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.8","title":"圖解","anchor":"7-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"7.9","title":"主要參考","anchor":"7-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"08b6cb7c-0143-4bd0-8079-e9ee154b97f2","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"08-mycology","chapter_number":"8","title":"黴菌學","summary":"黴菌題目不要從藥名開始背。國考最常把線索藏在三個地方：病人的免疫缺口、檢體看到的形態、以及暴露史。先問「這是 yeast（酵母菌型）、mold（黴菌型），還是 dimorphic fungi（二形性真菌）？」再問「是 T cell/HIV 壞掉，還是 neutrophil（嗜中性球）/血管侵犯壞掉？」答案通常已經剩下兩三個。","question_count":56,"display_order":80,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"8.0","title":"前言","anchor":"8-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.1","title":"黴菌總論：先抓細胞結構與宿主免疫","anchor":"8-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.2","title":"形態學判讀：把顯微鏡線索變成病原","anchor":"8-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.3","title":"Candida 與 Cryptococcus：一個黏膜導管，一個腦膜莢膜","anchor":"8-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.4","title":"侵襲性 mold：Aspergillus、Mucorales 與血管侵犯","anchor":"8-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.5","title":"Dimorphic fungi：溫度、暴露史與組織型態","anchor":"8-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.6","title":"表淺、皮膚與皮下黴菌","anchor":"8-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.7","title":"Pneumocystis 與抗黴菌藥","anchor":"8-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.8","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"8-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.9","title":"圖解","anchor":"8-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"8.10","title":"主要參考","anchor":"8-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"c8522a07-c7d1-494c-8a7a-d84d6287dd77","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"09-parasitology","chapter_number":"9","title":"寄生蟲快查","summary":"寄生蟲題以暴露史、寄生位置、生活史與診斷型態為主。題幹出現水、肉、魚、蟹、赤腳、蚊、蜱、貓、嗜酸性球或 RBC 時，應能快速回推寄生蟲、寄生位置與診斷檢體。","question_count":1,"display_order":90,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"9.0","title":"導讀與解題演算法","anchor":"9-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.1","title":"暴露、生活史、診斷與媒介","anchor":"9-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.2","title":"原蟲：腸道、泌尿生殖、血液與組織","anchor":"9-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.3","title":"線蟲：腸道、組織移行與絲蟲","anchor":"9-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.4","title":"吸蟲：血吸蟲與食源性吸蟲","anchor":"9-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.5","title":"絛蟲：成蟲病與組織幼蟲病","anchor":"9-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.6","title":"嗜酸性球與檢體選擇","anchor":"9-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.7","title":"治療框架與更新","anchor":"9-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.8","title":"高頻陷阱","anchor":"9-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.9","title":"圖解索引","anchor":"9-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"9.10","title":"主要參考","anchor":"9-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"4c30d4bf-9922-43b5-b180-22f497d33693","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"10-genetics-diagnostics-vaccines","chapter_number":"10","title":"微生物基因學、檢驗與疫苗","summary":"這章是微生物學的工具箱。讀到 plasmid（質體）、phage（噬菌體）、operon（操縱組）、PCR（polymerase chain reaction，聚合酶連鎖反應）、serology（血清學）或 vaccine（疫苗）時，要能判斷病原如何取得新能力、檢驗實際測到什麼，以及疫苗經由哪條免疫路徑提供保護。","question_count":7,"display_order":100,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"10.0","title":"前言","anchor":"10-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.1","title":"細菌基因學核心：複製、operon、突變、修復","anchor":"10-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.2","title":"基因轉移：新能力從哪裡來","anchor":"10-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.3","title":"細菌代謝與滅菌消毒：常被當生化題考","anchor":"10-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.4","title":"檢驗方法：先問測到的是病原、抗原、核酸還是宿主反應","anchor":"10-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.5","title":"染色與形態：看見病原的第一步","anchor":"10-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.6","title":"疫苗平台：把抗原變成可記憶的免疫訊號","anchor":"10-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.7","title":"台灣兒童常規疫苗的讀法","anchor":"10-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.8","title":"疫苗與免疫記憶","anchor":"10-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.9","title":"病毒與腫瘤（微生物基因學延伸）","anchor":"10-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.10","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"10-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.11","title":"圖解","anchor":"10-11","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"10.12","title":"主要參考","anchor":"10-12","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"11825d47-0bb6-4f99-9742-2b0a6b920a17","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"11-clinical-infection-syndromes","chapter_number":"11","title":"臨床感染症整合","summary":"本章訓練國考題幹的 syndrome（症候群）判讀。面對咳嗽、腹瀉、meningitis（腦膜炎）、尿痛、皮膚壞死或 bacteremia（菌血症），先定位感染部位，再加入年齡、免疫狀態、暴露史與醫療照護相關風險，把病原縮小到可作答的範圍。完整治療仍須依臨床指引與個案條件處理。","question_count":0,"display_order":110,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"11.0","title":"前言","anchor":"11-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.1","title":"讀題四步驟","anchor":"11-1","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.2","title":"Pneumonia：先分典型、非典型、吸入、院內、免疫低下","anchor":"11-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.3","title":"Meningitis 與腦病灶：年齡、CSF、免疫缺陷","anchor":"11-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.4","title":"UTI、腎盂腎炎與導管相關感染","anchor":"11-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.5","title":"Infective endocarditis：瓣膜、速度、入口","anchor":"11-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.6","title":"腹瀉與食物中毒：潛伏期、毒素、侵襲性","anchor":"11-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.7","title":"STI 與生殖泌尿症候群","anchor":"11-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.8","title":"Skin and soft tissue infection：膿、壞死、暴露","anchor":"11-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.9","title":"Sepsis、shock 與免疫缺陷回推","anchor":"11-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.10","title":"國考陷阱","anchor":"11-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.11","title":"圖解","anchor":"11-11","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"11.12","title":"主要參考","anchor":"11-12","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"df02d9e5-8eca-4be5-b525-4e90bb21cb63","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"12-tables-quick-review","chapter_number":"12","title":"表格速讀總章","summary":"考前最後一輪用這章。忘了原因再回原章；不要在這裡追求從零理解。若英文專有名詞卡住，先查中英專有名詞對照表。","question_count":0,"display_order":120,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"12.0","title":"前言","anchor":"12-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.2","title":"T1. 病原分類入口","anchor":"12-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.3","title":"T2. 被囊病原","anchor":"12-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.4","title":"T2b. MHC 與抗原呈現","anchor":"12-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.5","title":"T2c. B／T 細胞高頻軸","anchor":"12-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.6","title":"T2d. Hypersensitivity","anchor":"12-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.7","title":"T2e. 免疫缺陷感染型態","anchor":"12-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.8","title":"T3. G+ cocci 鑑別","anchor":"12-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.9","title":"T4. G- rods 快查","anchor":"12-9","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.10","title":"T5. 抗生素靶點","anchor":"12-10","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.11","title":"T6. 抗藥性","anchor":"12-11","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.12","title":"T7. 胞內/非典型","anchor":"12-12","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.13","title":"T8. DNA 病毒","anchor":"12-13","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.14","title":"T9. RNA 病毒","anchor":"12-14","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.15","title":"T9b. COVID-19 考點","anchor":"12-15","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.16","title":"T9c. 流感 shift vs drift","anchor":"12-16","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.17","title":"T10. Hepatitis","anchor":"12-17","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.18","title":"T11. HIV CD4 門檻","anchor":"12-18","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.19","title":"T11b. HIV 藥物五類字尾","anchor":"12-19","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.20","title":"T12. 黴菌形態","anchor":"12-20","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.21","title":"T12b. 抗黴菌藥涵蓋（FC 招牌矩陣）","anchor":"12-21","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.22","title":"T13. 寄生蟲入口","anchor":"12-22","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.23","title":"T14. 疫苗類型","anchor":"12-23","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"12.24","title":"T15. 臨床症候群入口","anchor":"12-24","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]},{"id":"b52168f8-5fe3-40b7-9a98-e0fdd92575f8","subject":"microbiology_immunology","profession":"DOCTOR","subgroup":"DOCTOR:STAGE_1","chapter_slug":"13-glossary-zh-en","chapter_number":"13","title":"中英專有名詞對照表","summary":"用法：第一次讀到一個英文專有名詞時，先看中文意思；熟了以後以英文縮寫或學名作答即可。翻譯來源優先序：衛福部/疾管署正式疾病頁與指引、衛福部醫事司「醫學名詞中譯手冊」及國家教育研究院樂詞網。若台灣官方與教材常用語略有差異，本書採國考與台灣臨床常見說法。","question_count":0,"display_order":130,"is_limited":false,"sections":[{"key":"13.0","title":"前言","anchor":"13-0","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.2","title":"來源","anchor":"13-2","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.3","title":"基礎結構與免疫","anchor":"13-3","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.4","title":"抗生素與抗藥性","anchor":"13-4","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.5","title":"常見細菌與臨床名詞","anchor":"13-5","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.6","title":"病毒、檢驗與疫苗","anchor":"13-6","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.7","title":"黴菌與寄生蟲","anchor":"13-7","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"},{"key":"13.8","title":"臨床症候群與檢體判讀","anchor":"13-8","is_locked":false,"required_tier":"FREE"}]}]},"isSeoCrawler":false}]]

12.20T12. 黴菌形態