題目

B. 患者對opioid有耐受性，可以換NSAID止痛。雖然止痛效果沒有opioid強，但至少沒有耐受性，也是有效的。 C. 長期使用opioid的話，不太可以忽然停藥，要至少維持基本的量 D. 自控止痛基本上就是opioid類藥物 A. 這個選項其實不能說錯，只能說沒有全對，其實兩個選擇都可以。雖然理論上半身麻醉就夠用，但是還是很多醫師喜歡全麻。差別不大。 patients with long bone fractures are predisposed to fat embolism syndrome. Patients are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism following pelvic, hip, and knee operations. Use of bone cement during arthroplasties can cause hemodynamic instability. Limb tourniquets limit blood loss but introduce additional risks. Neuraxial and other regional anesthetic techniques play an important role in decreasing the incidence of perioperative thromboembolic complications, providing postoperative analgesia, and facilitating early rehabilitation and hospital discharge. Advances in surgical techniques, such as minimally invasive approaches to knee and hip replacement, are necessitating modifications in anesthetic and perioperative management to facilitate overnight or even same-day discharge of patients who formerly required days of hospitalization.